Medications for hyperuricemia are aimed to reduce the uric acid levels in the blood, either by preventing the formation of excess uric acid, or by increasing the rate at which uric acid is excreted in the urine. This kind of treatments may involve certain drugs, such as:
- Xanthine oxidase inhibitors, such as allopurinol. Allopurinol is the most widely used for the long-term treatment of gout or hyperuricemia. It decreases both uric acid formation and purine synthesis. The usual maintenance dose of allopurinol for adults is 200-300 mg/d. However, it may worsen the symptoms of gout if it is taken during an episode of painful joint inflammation (for short term treatments). This medication should be used with caution in patients with poor kidney function, as it may also develop side effects, including rash and liver damage.
- Uricosuric Drugs, including probenecid, and sulfinpyrazone. These drugs lower uric acid levels in the blood by increasing the excretion of uric acid in the urine. They block the reabsorption of urate, which can prevent uric acid crystals from being deposited into your tissues. Uricosuric agents are never started during a gout attack. But they should be continued if you are already taking them. Gout attacks may increase at first for some people taking probenecid. To avoid this, doctors may also prescribe colchicine or low-dose nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which reduce the inflammation caused by uric acid crystals. After uric acid levels have been normal for 6 to 12 months and no further attacks occur, colchicine or NSAIDs usually do not need to be taken (Source: webmd.com).
- Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAID) agents and Tylenol, such as naproxen sodium and ibuprofen, may provide relief of gout-related pain. The extent of hyperuricemia is correlated with a higher risk for gouty arthritis. Gout may be a result of a high uric acid level. NSAIDs should be used sparingly in elderly patients and should be avoided in patients with renal disease and peptic ulcer disease, and in those receiving concurrent systemic anticoagulation. Long-term use of NSAIDs is a common cause of ulcers. While the use of Tylenol should not exceed the recommended daily dose, as it may cause liver damage.
Before taking any medications, you must consult your doctor to avoid unexpected complications. Tell the doctor about any other medications you are taking or if you have a history of diabetes, kidney, liver, heart disease, hypertension, or any other diseases.
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